Download Shedd For Free ' title='Download Shedd For Free ' />Functional results of speech and swallowing after oral microvascular free flap reconstruction. Purpose. To study speech and swallowing in patients who underwent microvascular free flap reconstruction after major surgery of the oral cavity. Patients and methods. Twenty patients, 1. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignancy. Swallowing assessment was performed through videofluoroscopy, using three consistencies of barium meal. The recorded swallows were assessed for the ability to hold the bolus during the oral phase, lip seal, tongue movement, residue in the floor of the mouth, laryngeal penetration and aspiration. Speech function regarding intelligibility and articulation was objectively assessed. Results. Fifteen out of 2. Fourteen patients 7. Vallecular residue was noted in 2. Postoperative speech intelligibility and articulation was satisfactory in 7. Conclusions. Microvascular free flap reconstruction of major defects after oral resections rehabilitates the functions of swallowing and speech in acceptable levels, improving quality of life in these patients. Keywords. Oral cavity cancer Free flap reconstruction Swallowing Speech assessment Videofluoroscopy. Estimating bulk density of compacted grains in storage bins and modifications of Janssens load equations as affected by bulk density. Food Sci Nutr. 2. Mar 12 1. 501. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, Kansas, 6. Ekramul Haque, Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 6. Tel 7. 85 5. 32 6. Shedd Aquarium sincerely thanks the following corporations for their generous support and dedication to advancing our mission. Find out if you are eligible for free. 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Funding Information The author acknowledges USDAARS funding for the study, Developing New Stored Grains Pack Factors, a collaborative project with the University of Georgia, Kansas State University and University of Kentucky. Received 2. 01. 2 Jul 1. Revised 2. 01. 2 Dec 1 Accepted 2. Dec 3. Copyright 2. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Re use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2. Abstract. Janssen created a classical theory based on calculus to estimate static vertical and horizontal pressures within beds of bulk corn. Even today, his equations are widely used to calculate static loadings imposed by granular materials stored in bins. Many standards such as American Concrete Institute ACI 3. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers EP 4. German DIN 1. 05. Canadian Farm Building Code CFBC, European Code ENV 1. Australian Code AS 3. Janssens equations as the standards for static load calculations on bins. One of the main drawbacks of Janssens equations is the assumption that the bulk density of the stored product remains constant throughout the entire bin. While for all practical purposes, this is true for small bins in modern commercial size bins, bulk density of grains substantially increases due to compressive and hoop stresses. Over pressure factors are applied to Janssen loadings to satisfy practical situations such as dynamic loads due to bin filling and emptying, but there are limited theoretical methods available that include the effects of increased bulk density on the loadings of grain transmitted to the storage structures. This article develops a mathematical equation relating the specific weight as a function of location and other variables of materials and storage. It was found that the bulk density of stored granular materials increased with the depth according to a mathematical equation relating the two variables, and applying this bulk density function, Janssens equations for vertical and horizontal pressures were modified as presented in this article. The validity of this specific weight function was tested by using the principles of mathematics. As expected, calculations of loads based on the modified equations were consistently higher than the Janssen loadings based on noncompacted bulk densities for all grain depths and types accounting for the effects of increased bulk densities with the bed heights. Keywords Compaction, density, grains, Janssen, loads storage. Introduction. We owe a debt of gratitude to Janssen and his research contemporaries for laying a firm foundation for the discipline of particulate solids and loadings imposed by bulk solids Roberts 2. Transmission of pressures created within a mass of matter is dependent on the fundamental character of matter. Fluids and solids transmit pressures differently in fluids, the pressure at any point is equal in all directions. Bulk solids granular materials are called semifluids. They behave neither like fluids nor like solids and display some properties of solid transmits pressure downward and some properties like fluid transmits pressure sideways also. They are compressible to an extent depending on the characteristics of the bulk material, bins containing them, and some external factors. One particular property that affects the estimation of mass in bulk storage is the accuracy of estimation of average specific weight bulk density or test weight within the storage bins. Estimation of mass based on laboratory measurement data of bulk density and the storage volume results in a gross underestimation. To reduce the estimation error, United States Department of Agriculture USDA, for example, developed a set of Packing Factor data for grains in the middle of the last century. These data are still used to settle, for example, insurance claims and the value of the stored crops for various financial and other legal transactions. Even though the estimation is based on some known factors affecting it, the procedure is highly empirical and cumbersome. Above all, the estimation results in high levels of error. USDA Risk Management Agency RMA entered into a cooperative agreement with USDA Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Kansas State University, University of Kentucky, and University of Georgia to develop improved methods of estimating Packing Factor and inventory estimation in bins storing barley, corn, grain sorghum, oats, soybeans, and wheat. This article was a part of this effort. Objective. The main objective of this article was to develop a mathematical model for estimating the mass of packed beds of cereal grains in storage bins. The model should lay down the basis for developing a fundamental understanding of the variation in the bulk density of stored granular materials due to packing of grains. Watch Feast Cartoon Online there. As an extension, a secondary objective was set to suggest modification of Janssens equations for calculating vertical and horizontal stresses on storage bins of packed bed of granular materials as affected by the increases of bulk densities due to compaction. Literature Review. The first significant published study on the loadings of free flowing granular materials was done by Janssen 1. Since Janssen, many studies were conducted, and results were published in various scientific journals of the world. Many standards such as American Concrete Institute ACI 3. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers EP 4. ASABE 2. 00. 1, German DIN 1. Canadian Farm Building Code CFBC, European Code ENV 1. Australian Code AS 3. Most of these standards are based on Janssens equations for calculating loads on floors and walls using different constant values of parameters of the equations such as bulk density, friction coefficient, and ratio of horizontal to vertical loads of the stored materials. However, it is widely recognized and accepted that material bulk density in grain bins does not remain constant, but increases with the bed depth. Attempts have been made by many including Thompson and Ross 1. Malm and Backer 1. Thompson et al. 1. Packing Factors and compressibility of different cereal grains. ACI standard 1. 99. Janssen equation of static equilibrium, multiplied by an overpressure factor to predict horizontal and vertical sidewall loads. Thompson and Ross 1. Pa and also at low overburden pressures on 1. They developed statistical models based on empirical measurements relating bulk density to vertical pressure and moisture content. Malm and Backer 1. Bates 1. 92. 5 recognized that packing of granular materials was a function of depth of material in a bin and different packing factors would exist for different grains. Thompson et al. 1. Janssens equations to predict variations of bulk densities of stored materials. Packing factors for six different whole grains were estimated by them as a function of moisture content and test weight of stored grains in bins of any height and diameter. A computer model for predicting packing factors of whole grains in flat storage structures was developed by Thompson et al. Thompson et al. 1. Using Janssens approach, Ross et al. They allowed grain bulk density, material friction coefficient, and ratio of lateral to vertical pressures of grain to vary within bin as functions of vertical pressure and moisture content. They used empirical equations for bulk density and ratio of lateral to vertical pressures developed in an earlier study Loewer et al.